Monday, February 4, 2008

After establishment of national bank system большее number of the banks included according



After establishment of national bank system number of the banks included according to laws of these several states, have been organised as national banks. With others, however, the rights to a problem did not outweigh some inconveniences of national system and as a result there is now an important class of banks, and the loan and the companies organised according to the state legislation and continuation business of the loan and the deposit. Instructions under which they work, are necessarily various, and the quantity of public supervision on them changes on the various states. The State Banks already existing when the national bank system has been organised, have been obliged to leave their reference of the note, owing to the fact, that the government has imposed the tax of ten percent. On their reference. The taxable object consisted in providing resignation of the state banknotes, to create a place for the reference of national banks. The internal mechanism of the State Banks differs, but it is a little from that from national banks.
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II. SAVINGS BANKS AND THE COMPANIES
SAVINGS BANKS




At the senior savings banks, especially those in Eastern States, are not present any fixed capital



At the senior savings banks, especially those in Eastern States, are not present any fixed capital. That is they are mutual in the form of the organisation. Their capital - the saved up deposits of a considerable quantity of people. Investors - owners. When taxes and other expenses are paid, and the appropriate stock is postponed, the remaining profit is included into the form of interest for investors. Many of savings banks in the western states are used for the benefit as other financial institutions, and at Pacific coast at them are a fixed capital or its equivalent in the form of spare fund in which the majority of investors are not interested differently than, how much it gives safety for their deposits.




But, fertile as soil of India, and benevolent to an agricultural production as its climate in



But, fertile as soil of India, and benevolent to an agricultural production as its climate in general, its climate is not always favorable. It periodically suffers from surplus of a drought. As consequence to artificial it is necessary to address, or the most part of this fertile country often was desert. In one only the British India of irrigation canals of 28 000 miles are under the government control, 14 000 from which have been constructed by existing (British) governmental works of extensive measurements and the highest technical skill. As a whole 28 000 000 acres in the British India depend for their necessary delivery of humidity to the general , and 8 000 000 on irrigation canals. There was it not for these irrigation canals, 2 000 000 acres in Scinde (northwest India) will be infinite desert as Scinde it is almost perfect . On the other hand, in the most part of India the downpour is excessive. Some areas really are the most damp on globe. In Assam, for example (which is also one of the hottest places in India), the downpour makes 600 inches annually, and it was 650. As consequence of the river in India often leave the coast. Therefore, to protect the country on lower river limits from flooding the British government has constructed more than 1500 miles of quays.
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MINERALS OF INDIA




With such letter the traveller could make a trip round the world and not have in its pocket at any



With such letter the traveller could make a trip round the world and not have in its pocket at any moment some more gold or silver or accounts, than it will be necessary to meet the operational expenditure.




Rio Janeiro (674 972), the capital and the basic city though an is poor-looking place, one of very



Rio Janeiro (674 972), the capital and the basic city though an is poor-looking place, one of very finest in the world is located on magnificent harbour. Approximately in 1500 courts, with the tonnage making 2 500 000 tons, enter in Rio Janeiro with foreign trade annually. Nine thousand miles of the railway have been constructed in Brazil, and 3500 more during building, and 12 000 miles of routes of telegraph have been constructed. Rio Janeiro - the main railway centre, but other centres - Rio Grandes, do Sul, in moderate areas of the south, and Bahia and Pernambuco, in tropical areas. The public (national) debt of Brazil far does not require in 1 000 000 000$, having interest (the most part of it) in from four to six percent. In a year.
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XII. TRADING FEATURES OF CANADA
CANADA, ACTUALLY INDEPENDENT FEDERAL REPUBLIC




The Great Britain as all other civilised countries, was originally agricultural country



The Great Britain as all other civilised countries, was originally agricultural country. Though within several centuries it was one of manufacture of the head and the commercial countries of the world, it was only during the past [78 hundred years, and especially within last fifty years, that its development in
Manufacturing and in trade were remarkable. The Great Britain still, concerning quality, the advanced agricultural country on globe. Its breeds of horses, horned livestock, sheep, and pigs - standard breeds from which almost all other breeds receive the origin and by which from time to time they are improved. And anywhere lifting of grains also supports food of the person and an animal pursued with a considerable quantity of skill and success as in the Great Britain. But the agriculture quickly stops to be the important industry of the Great Britain. Two million acres are under now less, than have been grown up fifty years ago. Wheat Total sum has lifted, enough only for consumption of three months of people; the remaining necessary quantity should be delivered by import. The three fifth general numbers of the population of island live in cities, and only a small proportion of the population which live in the country, is actually supported by agriculture. The agriculture, actually, supports only fifteen percent. From the population in all Great Britain, and in England only ten percent. In three and a half time more person it is personally occupied in manufacturing as in rural prosecution. For three quarters of the century the population in cities and cities became four times faster than the population of rural parts. At the same time the working power of urban population constantly became more effective. In fifty years, the general acceptance of cars, the effective working power of the British worker has been increased the sixfold. In England of eighty six percent. The ferry is made of full work of the country, and in Scotland of ninety percent. The Great Britain, therefore, became actually one big beehive commercial and a manufacturing industry. Agriculture as the general employment of people, except in manufacture of finer food products, [79], such as a choice
Beef and mutton and high-grade dairy products, it is not favourable any more. Really, within last fifteen years the factory (including the earth) used in agricultural productions depreciated in value at the rate of 150 000 000$ annually; that is, in these fifteen years the huge sum 2,250,000,000$ the capital used in agriculture has been erased. But benefit to the capital used in favourable commercial and industrial prosecution, much more more than has given indemnification for this huge loss in agriculture.
COAL FIELDS OF THE GREAT BRITAIN AND IRON DEPOSITS




At means of the clearing houses located in the centres of money and cooperation between banks in



At means of the clearing houses located in the centres of money and cooperation between banks in remote points, transfer of credits between business men has defined a site somewhere in the United States, or in this respect in the world, became rather simple question. If not the agency of this system for the big city could not be made business of unique day. All actual money in all banks and shops and safes and pockets of New York would fall today far short if is used to pay today"s transactions. It is considered, that cash transactions of unique day in fifty times more than the actual cash passing to other owner in one day. So that the big most part of business of the country, both cash and the credit, have been made on system [250]
From the credit passes made possible completely at means of our bank system.
FOOTNOTE:




France as Germany, is well supplied by the navigable rivers, and them, its channels to make a full



France as Germany, is well supplied by the navigable rivers, and them, its channels to make a full network of navigable waterways which cover all country and very much advance nation domestic trade. This navigable set of the rivers of 5500 miles, and ship canals more than 3100 miles. The tonnage of the goods has continued these waterways, is compared rather favorably with which is born by railways. Set of railways of 25 000 miles.
DISTINCTIVE AND IMPORTANT MANUFACTURING OF FRANCE




The first form shows the project made the coal company on shipping company to pay for coal,



The first form shows the project made the coal company on shipping company to pay for coal, delivered to a specific steamship. Assume, that the shipping company has a contract with Robert Hare Powel and Co. Philadelphia to deliver coal to their steamships. A steamship Cardiff when in port in Philadelphia, it is delivered; the account is certified to the engineer; the owner (captain) of a vessel signs project Powel and Co. (And in performance of it really does it by the project of the captain); the account is in writing confirmed reception. Now Powel and Co. Sells this exchange (project) for London to the broker or the banker doing foreign business. It is sent London and presented in due time at office of the Company of Navigation of the Wales for payment.




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FINANCE, TRADE, AND TRANSPORTATION [8]
I
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FINANCE, TRADE, AND TRANSPORTATION [8]
I. NATIONAL AND THE STATE BANKS
ORIGIN OF BANKING ESTABLISHMENTS
The state bank of England, showing the Street input in the Streamlet.




Within the period approximately fifteen years the continent of Africa was a scene of extensive



Within the period approximately fifteen years the continent of Africa was a scene of extensive division. In the beginning of that period the quantity of the African territory which was subject to the European control, was rather small. British have been fixed in Southern Africa, and had property along coasts in other place mainly in the west. Frenchmen have been fixed in Algeria and in Senegal. Portugueses had their ancient settlements in Mozambique and Lower Guinea. Morocco in the northwest and Abyssinia in the northeast were more or less known governments which were independent. Egypt in the extreme northeast, with the dependent property stretched along Nile in a far interior of continent, was also more or less known government which possessed though it nominally depended on Turkey. But in other place, except in several other places which the European power operates, the whole continent can be described as being in its original state of wildness or semiwildness. No government existed somewhere which was or is salutary or steady. Slavish movement was available in a considerable quantity everywhere.
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THE EUROPEAN SPHERES OF INFLUENCE IN AFRICA




Canada as all new countries, depends for its prosperity on development and export of its natural



Canada as all new countries, depends for its prosperity on development and export of its natural products. They have four big classes: (1), products of its woods; (2), products of its mines; (3), products of its fishery; (4), its agricultural products. Wood resources of Canada when both degree and quality consider, are the finest in the world. The wood not cut area was in 1891 almost 1 250 000 square miles, or it is more than one third of area of the whole country. Annual value of wood and the made wood makes approximately 82 500 000$. Annual value of wood and exported wood makes approximately 32 000 000$. Two thirds of it go to the Great Britain, and more than 9 000 000$ in wood and registration go to the United States. At Quebec and Ontario is unlimited deliveries of a fur-tree for manufacturing of the wooden pulp which annual development reaches 200 000 tons. Not cut wood of British Columbia which includes a pine of Douglas, fur-tree Menzies, an elegant, red-yellow cedar, and as it is estimated, makes 100 000 000 000 cubic foots.
MINERALS OF CANADA




The general papers of transportation familiar to all consignors, (1) navigable receipt, (2)



The general papers of transportation familiar to all consignors, (1) navigable receipt, (2) waybill, (3) waybill.




The second illustration shows, how the holder of the specific letter took its advantages



The second illustration shows, how the holder of the specific letter took its advantages. It gives names of banks to which it has presented the letter, and the quantity paid each.




Canada as all new countries, depends for its prosperity on development and export of its natural



Canada as all new countries, depends for its prosperity on development and export of its natural products. They have four big classes: (1), products of its woods; (2), products of its mines; (3), products of its fishery; (4), its agricultural products. Wood resources of Canada when both degree and quality consider, are the finest in the world. The wood not cut area was in 1891 almost 1 250 000 square miles, or it is more than one third of area of the whole country. Annual value of wood and the made wood makes approximately 82 500 000$. Annual value of wood and exported wood makes approximately 32 000 000$. Two thirds of it go to the Great Britain, and more than 9 000 000$ in wood and registration go to the United States. At Quebec and Ontario is unlimited deliveries of a fur-tree for manufacturing of the wooden pulp which annual development reaches 200 000 tons. Not cut wood of British Columbia which includes a pine of Douglas, fur-tree Menzies, an elegant, red-yellow cedar, and as it is estimated, makes 100 000 000 000 cubic foots.
MINERALS OF CANADA




Banks of this country do by a rule not to exchange for money the check, which will delay subject to



Banks of this country do by a rule not to exchange for money the check, which will delay subject to payment to order if the person representing the check, it is not known in bank or if it satisfies the paying cashier, that - really person to whom money should be paid. It needs to be remembered [9] however, that the delayed check
To order and then confirmed in the form the addressee of payment - really check payable to bearer and if the paying cashier is satisfied, that the signature of the addressee of payment original he will be confused hardly to exchange for money the check. In England all checks obviously properly confirmed, are paid without identification.
The check delayed to insure payment to the appropriate party.